ENERGIA NNR 5 mukaan

http://www.slv.se/upload/NNR5/NNR%202012%20Energy.pdf

Sisältö

Energia
1. Components of daily energy expenditure
1.1. Definition of energy requirement
1.2. Basal energy expenditure
1.3. Diet-induced thermogenesis
1.4. Physical activity
2. Energy balance and health
2.1. Body mass index
Table 1. Body mass index, definitions of underweight, overweight and obesity, and health risks for adults ( 18-64 years).
Table 2. Preference(%) of adult ( approximately 25- 64 y) obesity /BM ( over 30.0) in the Nordic countries, assessed from self- reported body weight.
2.2. Abdominal obesity
Table 3. Waist circumference ( cm) and the risk of metabolic complications associated with abdominal obesity in adults ( 18- 64 years).
2.3.Obesity, weight stability and health
2.4. Determinants of obesity and weight controll
Figure X. Evidence for association between grouped exposure variables against grouped outcome variables (BM and waist circumference not separated)
2.5. Estimation of energy requirements
Table.4. Equations for calculating evareage resting metabolic rate(MJ/day) based on body weight (W, kg) and on W and height (H, m) (Henry, 2005)
3. Reference values for energy requirement in children and adolescents
3.1. Age 1-12 months
Table 5. Estimated average daily energy requirements( per kg body weight) for children 1-12 months, assuming mixed feeding (Butte 2005)
3.2. Estimated  average reference values for children and adolescents
table 6. Estimated daily energy expenditure (MH/d) for children and adolescents( from 2- to 17 years) using the Henry (2005) equation for REE and physcal activity levels from SACN ( 2011)
4.  Reference values for energy requirements in adults
Table 7. Physical activity level expressed as multiplies of resting energy expenditure according to different levels of occupational and leisure activity ( modified from Black et al.  Viite 100)
Table 8. Two examples of how to estimate daily physical activity from data on physical activity
Table 9. Reference weights (kg) from Nordic countries, calculated as the weight for height corresponding to BMI 23.
Table 10. Reference energy requirements (MH) day) in adults, based on Nordic reference weights ( table 9) and different activity levels.
4.1. Energy requirement  during pregnancy
Table 11. Additional daily energy requirement during pregnancy: comparison between NNR 2004 and the new recommendations.
Table 12. Weight gain during pregnancy as recommended by Institute of Medicine ( 2009)
4.2. Energy requirement during lactation
Table 13. Energy cost of milk production (MJ/24 hours) for women in developed countries during complete and partial breastfeeding ( Butte and King 2005).
4.3. Energy requirement in the elderly
4.4. Low energy intake
5. Energy content of foods
5.1. Calculation of energy content
5.2. Carbohydrates and fibre
5.3. Protein
5.4. Fat
6. References